アナク・クラカタウ火山を中心に右側の茶色が、インドネシア・ジャワ島のバンテン州です。
そして左上がスマトラ島のランプン州です。
そしてアナク・クラカタウ火山は、スマトラ島とジャワ島の丁度中間に位置しており、ここです。
恐らくこれが最新のアナク・クラカタウ火山の噴火映像です。
Flying over the crater of Anak #Krakatau yesterday afternoon
Credit @susiair pic.twitter.com/U1Pe8Q7owD
— Christine M. Chan (@ChristineMCNA) December 24, 2018
凄い噴火ですけれども、火山自体がなくなりそうな噴火です。
インドネシアでは、昨日12月22日の現地時間午後9時半(日本時間では午後11時半)に海底地滑りが起こり、津波が発生し、甚大な被害を出しています。
死者は、現時点で「222人」に達しており、これは今後も増加しそうです。
地震なく津波、222人死亡=ジャワ島やスマトラ島-インドネシア 時事
インドネシア政府によると、スンダ海峡に面するジャワ島やスマトラ島の沿岸で22日夜、津波が発生し、222人が死亡した。
行方不明者も28人おり、犠牲者は増える可能性がある。
地震は起きておらず、津波は海底の地滑りと高潮が引き起こしたとみられている。
満月による満潮も影響し、被害を拡大したようです。
記事では、ランプン州での津波は、2m~3mに達したようであり、別に5mの津波という情報も流れています。
via @NewsBreaking
VIDEO reportedly from tsunami coming ashore in Indonesia pic.twitter.com/uUEt5Z6MWe #Krakatau #Tsunami #Krakatoa— Muschelschloss 💈 (@Muschelschloss) December 23, 2018
負傷者は「843名」、行方不明者「28名」、住宅「550棟以上」、ホテル「9棟」のほか、道路や公共施設が損傷しています。
222名というのは、割と大きい数字であり、今年のインドネシアは災難が続いています。
7月29日には、ロンボク島でマグニチュード6.4の地震が起き、8月5日には同じくロンボク島でマグニチュード6.9の地震が起こり、そして8月19日にはマグニチュード6.3と6.9の地震が連発し、550人以上の死者を出しています。
9月28日にはスラウェシ島でマグニチュード7.5の大地震と津波が起きて、2000名以上が死亡しています。
そして今回の噴火を原因とした海底地滑りによる津波被害です。
通常、津波は地震後に来るものですが、今回の津波は火山噴火による海底の地滑りが原因だったようです。
その津波をもろに受けたバンドがあります。
インドネシアの人気ロックバンド「セブンティーン」ですが、ライブ演奏中に津波に直撃されています。
インドネシア津波、ライブ会場で演奏中のバンドごとステージのみこむ AFP
22日に津波に襲われたインドネシアのジャワ島で、野外ライブの会場に波が押し寄せ、演奏中だったバンドや観客席をのみこむ瞬間を捉えた衝撃的な動画がインターネット上に出回っている。
動画には、観客が演奏に合わせて手拍子をしたりバンドに声援を送ったりしているところへ突然津波が押し寄せてステージが崩れ落ち、前方で踊っていた観客に向かってバンドメンバーや機材が押し流される瞬間が映っている。
動画はそこで途切れている。
この動画ですね。
So this was when this band called Seventeen had their concert but suddenly tsunami attacked them😭 #PrayForAnyer #Krakatau pic.twitter.com/GC70uqgyoj
— sasa💫 (@bytsonyeondan) December 23, 2018
バンドのベーシストとロードマネジャーが犠牲になったと述べ、さらに涙をぬぐいながら、妻のディランさんとバンドのドラマー、ギタリスト、スタッフ1人が行方不明だと明かし、彼らが無事に見つかるよう祈ってほしいと語っている。
もろに津波をくらっています。
大きな被害を受けたのは、ジャワ島のパンデグランとセラン、あるいは観光ビーチであるタンジュン・レスン・ビーチです。
これはそのパンデグランの状況です。
津波の被害状況というのは、どこでも変わりありません。
パンデグランへの幹線道路は、酷く損傷しているようであり、救助隊がその地域に到達することが困難になっているようです。
スンダ海峡にあるアナク・クラカタウ火山は、津波の30分前に噴火していたようであり、まさか噴火後に津波が発生するとは、思いもよらなかったでしょうね。
陸上の地滑りと海底の地滑りとは、かなりその特徴に相違があるようであり、海底地滑りは陸上と比較してその土塊の体積が桁違いに大きく、また移動距離も数十キロにも及ぶようです。
しかも海底地滑りの場合、その地滑りが起きる斜面が、必ずしも急傾斜とは限らず、緩やかな傾斜でも十分、海底地滑りは発生するようです。
また海底の土塊だけではなく、火砕流が海に流れ込むことによっても海底地滑りは発生するそうです。
これはイタリアのエトナ火山でも警戒されていたはずであり、日本の火山でも歴史上度々起こっています。
例えば政府の想定では内陸1㎞まで津波が到達する想定をしているのに、歴史上では政府想定の2倍の2㎞まで到達した記録があり、これは海底地滑りが原因だと言われています。
政府想定では、地震が起きた場合、海底地滑りを勘案せずに、津波を想定している場合があるようです。
アナク・クラカタウ火山は、かつて大噴火による津波で、死者3万6417人を出した1883年の噴火を起こしている火山です。
リング・オブ・ファイアの活性化によって、また似たような津波が発生するかもしれません。
アナク・クラカタウは、断続的に噴火している火山です。
恐らくこれからもっと活発化していくでしょうね。
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